Lightweight Polypropylene/Polylactic Acid Composite Foams with Controllable Hollow Radially Gradient Porous Structures for Oil/Water Separation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The structural characteristics of the polymer composite foams play an important role in their properties. Herein, the polypropylene/polylactic acid (PP/PLA) composite foams with the controllable hollow radially gradient porous structures are designed and prepared by the supercritical CO2-assisted foam extrusion coupled with postdrawing auxiliary technology. The above structures consist of the dense skin layer, hollow-core, closed-cell, and open-cell. Under the constant extrusion foaming temperature and pressure, the outer diameter of the as-prepared foams can be adjusted from about 9.8 mm to 5.7 mm, while the inner diameter changes from about 5.5 mm to 1.7 mm, by adding the PLA to regulate the viscoelasticity and thermodynamic differences of the polymeric melt. Besides, the formation mechanism of the hollow radially gradient porous structures is theoretically analyzed. The as-prepared PP/PLA composite foams exhibit outstanding oil/water separation performance, which show potential application in wastewater treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".