Polish Refugee Children in India: Personal Memory, Grassroots Activism, and Transnational Commemorative Diplomacy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article explores the memory of nearly one thousand Polish child refugees who found safe haven in India during the Second World War. It discusses how from the 1970s onward, the former refugees attempted to sustain the memory of their exilic homeland, often with support from other memory actors in both Poland and India. Analyzing both personal testimonies and grassroots memory activism, this article investigates the intertwining of individual memory with wider memorial trends, such as vernacular, national, and transnational memory. By discussing the ways in which personal and familial memory of wartime childhood serve as a springboard for other commemorative initiatives, this article also examines how children and young people feature in public memory, both as memory actors and objects of commemoration. In doing so, not only do I ask broader questions about remembering children that are relevant to this special issue, but also provide a window into the vicissitudes of Polish politics of memory from the late 1940s to the present.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".