Effects of Pore Structure and Carbon Loading on Solid Capacitive Devices at Low Temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of electrode material loading and operating temperature on solid-state electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) with Na2SO4-polyacrylamide-DMSO electrolyte were studied. Two types of solid EDLC cells, using carbon nanotube (CNT) or activated carbon (AC), with very different surface areas and pore structures were compared to reveal the limitations in designing solid capacitive devices. Based on the gravimetric capacitance values, the utilizable portion of the electrode for EDLC can be estimated. Although increasing carbon loading leads to higher capacitance, there are two possible adverse effects especially at low temperatures. A high loading and thick electrode may reduce the penetration of viscous polymer electrolyte precursor solutions and may increase diffusion limitation leading to lower material utilization. These phenomena are more aggravated at faster rates and on micropore-rich materials. The results from this work can be used to quantify the effective utilization of the materials at different temperatures and the insights can be added to the guiding principles for designing and developing solid EDLCs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".