The eruption of 22 April 2021 as observed by SolarOrbiter, STEREO and Earth bound instruments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) onboard Solar Orbiter ob-served an eruption through both of its channels (17.4/30.4 nm) of its Full Sun Imager, on 22 April 2021. At the time, the spacecraft was at 0.87 au from the Sun,and 98◦ east of the Sun-Earth line. The eruption was slightly back-sided, emerging close to the southwest limb, starting at 04:24 UT, with the source located at S20W103 from the Solar Orbiter perspective. The Solar Orbiter coronagraph, Metis, observed the CME at 06:05 UT. The Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) on Solar Orbiter sampled the associated X-ray flare, which was partially occulted. This allowed the characterization of both the thermal plasmaand any potential contribution of non-thermal electrons in the tenuous coronal source. The X-ray source location is compared to the extreme ultraviolet coronal structures seen by EUI, and it is established that STIX imager only sees the top part of the flaring loops, while most of the flare – in particular the non-thermal foot points – remain occulted. From the Earth’s perspective the eruption source region was observed at S20W05 (close to disk centre), the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Sun Watcher using Active Pixel System detector and Image Processing (SWAP), onboard the PRoject for OnboardAutonomy (PROBA2) observed dimmings and an associated large-scale coronal wave starting around 04:07 UT. The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) on the Solar-TErrestial RElations Observatory (STEREO-A), located 53◦ east of the Sun-Earth line at the time, observed similar signatures of an eruption starting around 04:17 UT, on-disk at S20W50. The corresponding CME was observedas a partial halo CME shortly after (∼06:00 UT) by the C2 Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO), from the Earth perspective onboard the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and by the STEREO-A/COR2 coronagraph as a clear structured CME around 05:23 UT. The corresponding ICME arrived at Earth on 24 April 2021, it was driving ashock and created minor geomagnetic storm conditions. We simulate the CMEwith the 3D MHD heliospheric model EUHFORIA. We provide an analysis ofthe eruption as observed by these various instruments from different vantage points. The combination of data from Solar Orbiter as well as other space-based assets with numerical modeling clearly showcases the scientific potential for the science phase of Solar Orbiter, and the unique observations available.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".