Faults and lineaments of the Quebec City, Charlevoix and Saguenay-Lac St-Jean regions, Québec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This Open File contains the interpreted brittle lineaments and a compilation of mapped faults of an area bound by latitudes 46.5N and 49.75N and longitudes 69.5W and 74W. The study area includes the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in Québec from slightly north of Trois-Rivières to slightly north of Tadoussac, which includes most of the watersheds of the St-Maurice and Saguenay rivers and the Lac Saint-Jean. The study area includes a seismically active region known as the Charlevoix Seismic Zone (CSZ). The CSZ is an area where at least five earthquakes of magnitudes between 5.5 and 7 have occurred in the past and where hundreds of smaller earthquakes are recorded yearly. Our study is an attempt to provide a homogeneous coverage of the brittle structures through an integration of visually interpreted lineaments and mapped faults. The possible relationships between these brittle faults and earthquakes will be examined in upcoming studies. Lineaments were observed mostly from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Canadian National Topographic Data Base (NTDB) at a scale of 1:250 000. The DEMs illuminated from two directions were used to first visually recognize lineaments and second, to georeference their surface expressions in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Since the final goal was to better map the brittle faults that could be reactivated in earthquakes, the conspicuous ductile structures were not considered in this study and the more questionable ones were re-evaluated subsequently against known geological information. The whole region of interest is southeast of the Grenville Front, and all ductile structures are related to the Grenville orogeny (about 1 billion years ago). The recognition of brittle structures is based on the observation that they are essentially linear in plan view. On the other hand, the ductile structures are generally curved, enhance contact between different Grenvillian lithologies, or present a distinct structural pattern. Only lineaments with a length greater than 5 km were included. After a first detection pass, lineaments at a more regional scale were drawn by interpolating between segments of lineaments. These interpolated segments corresponded to areas where the topography was subdued and where no conspicuous trace existed. The interpreted lineaments were then compared with the geological maps of the province of Quebec which often did not distinguish between brittle faults and ductile shear zones (or even at times, boundaries of geological units). Our final product is a 1:500,000 scale map that can be used in the future to better understand the seismotectonics of this region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.083 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".