Bibliographic record
Abstract
Overview This chapter turns its attention to religion and health care in Mozambique. The two basic questions from Chapter 1 will be answered, at least in part, by the research reported here: (1) “How does religion factor into the Social Determinants of Health?”; and (2) “What is its connection to outcomes?” Before moving ahead to answer those questions systematically, it seems appropriate to foreshadow the basic contributions of the chapter. Mozambique, an especially poor state, had a Marxist government that suppressed religion for decades. People retained their religion, however, and it influences health care quite significantly in contemporary Mozambique. Health planning from the government exists but is challenged by persistent poverty and underdevelopment. Christian and Muslim Faith-Based Organizations play an important role in fighting HIV/AIDS and the provision of health care in general. Pentecostalism is rising and plays a controversial role in its engagement with modern medicine. People still seek traditional health care and even combine such visits with more Western-style treatments from health centers and hospitals. Women's health is somewhat better than in some other African states—one of the few positive legacies from the previous Marxist regime. In sum, religion turns out to be essential to both the provision and consumption of health care in Mozambique. The Republic of Mozambique gained independence from Portuguese colonial rule in 1975. Due to a lack of Portuguese capital or commitment to develop its colony, Mozambique ended up less economically developed at the time of decolonization than other countries in Africa. A decade-long struggle for independence aggravated the lagging economy of Mozambique. Its level of economic development was also impacted by disastrous political and economic policies adopted by the new Marxist government, as well as a 15-year civil war that commenced soon after independence. In 1994, the civil war ended and the country initiated political and economic reforms that have led to tangible socio-economic improvements. Nonetheless, Mozambique remains among the world's poorest countries. According to United Nations (UN) data, in 2009, 60.7% of the population lived on less than USD1.25 per day (calculated in terms of purchasing power parity). The impact of economic growth and development following the end of the war is evident.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.080 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".