Development and Initial Validation of Stigma Towards Healthcare Providers Working with COVID-19 Patients Scale (S19-HCPs)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abdulqadir J Nashwan,1,2 Sadeq Al-Fayyadh,3 Hayder AL-Hadrawi,4 Mohammed Baqer Al-Jubouri,3 Sabah A Jaafar,5 Shaymaa M Hussein,3 Ayat J Nashwan,6 Mohammed A Alharahsheh,6 Nisha Kader,7 Majid Alabdulla7,8 1Department of Nursing Education & Practice Development, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar; 2Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary in Qatar (UCQ), Doha, Qatar; 3College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; 4College of Nursing, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq; 5College of Nursing, University of Muthanna, Baghdad, Iraq; 6Department of Sociology and Social Work, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; 7Mental Health Services (MHS), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar; 8College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QatarCorrespondence: Abdulqadir J NashwanDepartment of Nursing Education & Practice Development, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), P.O.Box 3050, Doha, QatarTel +974 40240487; +974 66473549Email anashwan@hamad.qaPurpose: The S19-HCPs tool evaluates the stigma towards healthcare providers working with patients with COVID-19.Materials and Methods: The psychometric properties of the Arabic and English versions of the S19-HCPs were examined. A survey using the S19-HCPs scale was administered online. Two reliability analyses were used in this study to identify the extent to which S19-HCPs shows consistent results (internal consistency and test–retest reliability). The English version of the scale was piloted on 33 Jordanian and the Arabic version on 27 Iraqi participants.Results: The internal consistency of the English and Arabic S19-HCPs was satisfactory (α = 0.79, 0.74, respectively). Two-week test–retest correlations were all statistically significant (ICC = 0.91, 0.89, respectively).Conclusion: The S19-HCPs is psychometrically robust and can be used in research assessing the stigma towards healthcare providers working with patients with COVID-19 in English and Arabic-speaking countries.Keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, stigma, S19-HCPs, Arabic S19-HCPs, English S19-HCPs
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.028 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".