MeDAL: Medical Abbreviation Disambiguation Dataset for Natural Language Understanding Pretraining
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
<strong>Me</strong>dical <strong>D</strong>ataset for <strong>A</strong>bbreviation Disambiguation for Natural <strong>L</strong>anguage Understanding (MeDAL) is a large medical text dataset curated for abbreviation disambiguation, designed for natural language understanding pre-training in the medical domain. It was published at the ClinicalNLP workshop at EMNLP. 📜 Paper<br> 💻 Code<br> 💾 Dataset (Kaggle)<br> 💽 Dataset (Zenodo)<br> 🤗 Pre-trained ELECTRA (Hugging Face) To cite this work, you can download the <code>bibtex</code> here, or copy the text below: <pre><code>@inproceedings{wen-etal-2020-medal, title = "{M}e{DAL}: Medical Abbreviation Disambiguation Dataset for Natural Language Understanding Pretraining", author = "Wen, Zhi and Lu, Xing Han and Reddy, Siva", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 3rd Clinical Natural Language Processing Workshop", month = nov, year = "2020", address = "Online", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.clinicalnlp-1.15", pages = "130--135", } </code></pre> <strong>Downloading the data</strong> We recommend downloading from Zenodo if you do not want to authenticate through Kaggle. The downside to Zenodo is that the data is uncompressed, so it will take more time to download. Links to the data can be found at the top of the readme. To download from Zenodo, simply do: <pre><code>wget -nc -P data/ https://zenodo.org/record/4482922/files/full_data.csv.zip </code></pre> If you can't use <code>unzip</code>, you can also download the original csv file (which is 3x larger): <pre><code>wget -nc -P data/ https://zenodo.org/record/4482922/files/full_data.csv </code></pre> If you want to reproduce our pre-training results, you can download only the pre-training data below: <pre><code>wget -nc -P data/ https://zenodo.org/record/4482922/files/train.csv wget -nc -P data/ https://zenodo.org/record/4482922/files/valid.csv wget -nc -P data/ https://zenodo.org/record/4482922/files/test.csv </code></pre> Or download the compress <code>zip</code> file containing all three files: <pre><code class="language-bash">wget -nc -P data/ https://zenodo.org/record/4482922/files/pretrain_subset.zip</code></pre> <strong>Model Quickstart</strong> <em>Using Torch Hub</em> You can directly load LSTM and LSTM-SA with <code>torch.hub</code>: <pre><code class="language-python">import torch lstm = torch.hub.load("McGill-NLP/medal", "lstm") lstm_sa = torch.hub.load("McGill-NLP/medal", "lstm_sa")</code></pre> If you want to use the Electra model, you need to first install transformers: <pre><code>pip install transformers </code></pre> Then, you can load it with <code>torch.hub</code>: <pre><code class="language-python">import torch electra = torch.hub.load("McGill-NLP/medal", "electra")</code></pre> <em>Using Huggingface <code>transformers</code></em> If you are only interested in the pre-trained ELECTRA weights (without the disambiguation head), you can load it directly from the Hugging Face Repository: <pre><code class="language-python">from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("McGill-NLP/electra-medal") tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("McGill-NLP/electra-medal")</code></pre> <strong>License, Terms and Conditions</strong> The ELECTRA model is licensed under Apache 2.0. The license for the libraries used in this project (<code>transformers</code>, <code>pytorch</code>, etc.) can be found in their respective GitHub repository. Our model is released under a MIT license. The original dataset was retrieved and modified from the NLM website. By using this dataset, you are bound by the terms and conditions specified by NLM: INTRODUCTION Downloading data from the National Library of Medicine FTP servers indicates your acceptance of the following Terms and Conditions: No charges, usage fees or royalties are paid to NLM for this data. MEDLINE/PUBMED SPECIFIC TERMS NLM freely provides PubMed/MEDLINE data. Please note some PubMed/MEDLINE abstracts may be protected by copyright. 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Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it