A modified <i>p–y</i> model of single pile in coral sand under lateral load
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study addressed the characteristics of lateral pile–soil interactions in coral sand foundation using a series of direct shear, triaxial, and model pile tests. Through the comprehensive analysis of the stress state of the coral sand around pile, it was found that the soil resistance is mainly dominated by frontal squeezing resistance. Accordingly, the framework of the modified p–y model was determined, namely the function type, exponents of depth term, and the mark of entering the plastic state. The modified p–y model adopts a normalized dimensionless form, and it is composed of the first nonlinear segment represented by the power function and the plastic state at large displacements represented by a straight line. The final p–y model was calibrated using the results of the model pile test. Subsequently, the validity of the modified p–y model was verified by the experimental results of this study and other researchers. The soil reactions and pile responses predicted by the modified p–y model were in a reasonable agreement with the measured data. Finally, the modified p–y model was compared with the existing p–y models, thus confirming its rationality and applicability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".