Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a semi-empirical propeller slipstream model capable of predicting flow velocities far downstream of the propeller in forward flight conditions. The model is an extension of a model developed for static conditions, to include an incoming freestream flow. The effect of the aircraft’s forward speed on the flow aft of the propeller is demonstrated and compared to that predicted by classical momentum theory. A small UAV platform is then instrumented to measure the slipstream flow at multiple locations behind the propeller. Tests were conducted in a level flight state with a constant propeller speed. In-flight measurements show that the semi-empirical model is significantly more accurate than classical momentum theory near the tail of the platform, with an RMS error of 0.7-2.0m/s. Measurements near the wing of the test platform at an axial location less than 2 propeller diameters downstream showed lower accuracy for both the semi-empirical and momentum theory models, possibly indicating strong unmodeled interference from the wing and ailerons or unknown effects of advancing flow conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".