A 4-Channel, 7 ns-Delay Tuning Range, 400 fs-Step, 1.8 ps RMS Jitter, Delay Generator Implemented in a 180 nm CMOS Technology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper discloses the integration, in a 180 nm CMOS technology, of a 4-channel delay generator dedicated to synchronization down to a few ps. The delay generation principle relies on the linear charge of a capacitor triggered by the input pulse. The output pulse generation occurs when the capacitor voltage exceeds a threshold voltage. The delay full scale is automatically set to match the period of the master clock, ranging from 5-7 ns, with the help of an embedded calibration circuit. The delay value is controlled with the help of a 14-bit DAC setting the threshold voltage, which leads to a 400 fs delay step. Among other features, the chip embeds a combination mode of either 2 or 4 channels to output narrow width pulses. The chip is fully compliant with LVDS, LVPECL and CML differential input pulses and outputs LVPECL pulses. The chip has been fully characterized over temperature (0 to 60 °C) and supply voltage (± 10%). The chip is compliant with pulse repetition frequencies up to 20 MHz. The measured INL is 100 LSB and the RMS jitter is 1.8 ps. The power consumption has been measured to 350 mW for 4 active channels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".