Joint physical custody and academic achievement among youth: A population-based study with registry linkage.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
= 7,914), we examined the association between living arrangements and academic achievement among youth (16-19 years) using register-based information on grade point average (GPA; range: 1-6), parental education, and income. We also assessed the influence of family cohesion and coresiding biological and half/stepsiblings in explaining differences between youth in JPC and other living arrangements. Across all regression models, youth in JPC had significantly higher GPA (0.2-0.4 points) than youth living with a single mother or father. Parental education had a strong attenuating effect and reduced the magnitude of the difference with 30%-35% for youth in single-parent families and 55% for youth in stepparent families. In conclusion, we find that youth in JPC have a small but significant academic advantage compared to peers in single-parent families, which is not fully accounted for by objective measures of parental education and income, sibling composition, and family cohesion. Future longitudinal studies are needed to disentangle whether positive outcomes associated with JPC are due to inherent qualities of this living arrangement or better captured by preseparation selection mechanisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".