Repurposing propranolol to improve cancer therapy in clinic: where are we?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Repurposing non-oncology drugs to improve cancer therapy has been increasingly attracting drug developers due to potentially lower costs and shorter timelines. Propranolol, a non-cardiac selective, lipophilic β-adrenergic receptor blocker used to treat hypertension, arrhythmia, and anxiety, has successfully been repurposed as first-line therapy for infantile hemangioma. Thereafter, accumulating preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the safe and promising antitumor activity of propranolol to treat different types of human cancers. In this review, we have focused on summarizing the therapeutic potential of propranolol in both solid and hematologic malignancies. We have also discussed the current bottleneck of repurposing propranolol in cancer therapy. Taken together, these inspiring findings help to shed light on propranolol repurposing and future drug discovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".