Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) Modulation: a Novel, Non-Hormonal Contraceptive Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that Leukemia Inhibitory factor (LIF) plays an essential role in embryonic implantation. Vaginal application of pegylated LIF antagonists can successfully prevent implantation and pregnancy in mice. The development of non-hormonal, female-controlled contraceptives is imperative, as combined oral contraceptives are associated with depression and are not feasible for use in all women.Methods: This paper reviews 44 studies regarding LIF, implantation, hormonal contraceptives and the use of LIF antagonists as a means to inhibit pregnancy.Summary: Current research indicates that LIF-modulation could be effective as a non-hormonal contraceptive method, although researchers should be wary of the negative side effects associated with systemic LIF modulation. Vaginal application of LIF antagonists could decrease the risk of negative side effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".