The Impact of Hypopressive Abdominal Exercise on Linea Alba Morphology in Women Who Are Postpartum: A Short-Term Cross-Sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effect of an abdominal hypopressive exercise (AHE) on linea alba morphology among women who are primiparous and to compare this effect with that of other common abdominal exercise modalities. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 46 women 3 months after first delivery was conducted. B-mode ultrasound imaging of the interrectus distance (IRD) and linea alba distortion was performed 2 cm below (I-point) and above (S-point) the umbilicus and at the mid-point between the umbilicus and xiphoid process (X-point). Images were recorded at rest and during an AHE performed in a supine position, a semi curl-up (SCU), an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), and a SCU performed after an initial ADIM (ADIM+SCU). RESULTS: The SCU exercise narrowed the IRD at the X- and S-points. Compared with SCU, AHE and ADIM widened the IRD at the S- and X-points. No significant differences were found when comparing the IRD at rest, during AHE and during ADIM, but AHE tended to narrow I-point IRD more than ADIM but to widen S-point IRD more than ADIM+SCU. No participant showed linea alba distortion during the AHE or ADIM. When compared, SCU increased the occurrence of distortion with respect to AHE and ADIM. The isolated hypopressive posture did not change the IRD or linea alba distortion. CONCLUSION: Among women who were postpartum, AHE seemed to narrow IRD below the umbilicus compared with ADIM without either of these 2 modalities generating linea alba distortion, as SCU or ADIM+SCU does. Thus, although no significant differences were found when comparing the IRD at rest and during AHE, the AHE could improve the tensile response of the linea alba without increasing the IRD. IMPACT: This is believed to be the first study to describe linea alba changes during AHE in women who are postpartum. AHE and ADIM seem to show different effects on infraumbilical IRD. The lack of distortion suggests that linea alba may undergo tensile loading at all levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".