Current status and first detection of <i>Xylosandrus germanus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in live trees in the Iberian Peninsula
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The black stem borer Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a species native to Eastern Asia that has invaded 24 countries worldwide, including 21 European countries, the USA, Canada and New Zealand. On the Iberian Peninsula it was recorded for the first time in traps placed in the Basque Country (Northern Spain) in 2003, but its host plants were unknown. In the present work, three populations of X. germanus are recorded in the east of Spain in Girona, Tarragona and Valencia provinces (Automomous Community of Catalonia, and Valencia, respectively). Specimens were collected in traps and on host plants, showing a wider distribution range now including the east and north‐east of the Iberian Peninsula. Infested carob trees (Ceratonia siliqua) were found in agricultural and urban green areas in Tarragona. Ceratonia siliqua is therefore reported here as a new host of X. germanus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".