A borindolizine platform for the design of fluorophores with tunable emissions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new boron-containing heterocyclic scaffold – borindolizine – is reported as a new heterocyclic scaffold with broadly tunable fluorescence and a high Stokes shift. Two classes of emitters were synthesized through rational scaffold changes resulting in blue-emitting carboxyborindolizines (λmax,em = 431 – 459 nm) and green emitting aryl borindolizines (λmax,em = 488 – 519 nm). Experimental structure-emission trends were used to validate a computational spectral prediction model and subsequently used to design a red-emissive fluorophoric scaffold. A red-emissive (λmax,abs = 370 nm, λmax,em = 635 nm) isoquinolyl borinidolizine was synthesized in excellent agreement with the theoretical emission (λmax,em = 621 nm). These results establish borindolizine as a highly attractive class of fluorescent heterocycle with a highly tunable emission, allowing for custom fluorophore synthesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".