Functional morphological innovation corresponds to shifting lines of genetic least resistance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Phenotypic traits are often constrained in their evolution by the genetic and developmental map underlying them. However, the extent to which these constraints themselves evolve has not been well-characterized. Traits that are integrated are generally thought to be constrained in their ability to evolve because their shared developmental and genetic architecture causes any change in one to be mirrored in the other. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear whether correlations can constrain major episodes of phenotypic diversification over longer timescales. We reconstruct patterns in integration within nine primate lineages and model the evolution of the resulting modules in a phylogenetic context. We find that patterns in integration are generally evolvable across lineages, with apes displaying particular lability in the composition of morphological modules. This increased turnover in module composition corresponds to both divergent evolution of skeletal shape and the formation of novel complexes of locomotor behaviors and postures. While integration may play a role in constraining evolutionary innovation, its effects are dynamic, shifting as the structure of integration itself evolves during episodes of exceptional ecomorphological diversification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".