Addressing Public Speaking Anxiety in Multicultural Counselling: The Use of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for International Students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Several studies have highlighted the importance of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) in reducing public speaking anxiety. The studies also denote the increase of confidence by strengthening self-efficacy. This study explores previous studies that uncover the use of CBT in dealing with public anxiety to identify its potential as part of multicultural counseling for international students in higher education. International students have different academic and learning cultures, as well as social environments, affecting the development of certain anxiety in dealing with pressures to adapt to new environments. Therefore, it positions the investigation of CBT’s ability to reduce public speaking anxiety for international students as highly essential. This study contends that CBT is a useful technique to unpack irrational fear of speaking in public and promote self-efficacy, developing confidence and leading to good mental health. However, given the nature of targeted intervention are international students, multicultural counseling competencies are undoubtedly required for the therapy. Abstrak: Beberapa penelitian telah menyoroti pentingnya Terapi Perilaku Kognitif (CBT) dalam mengurangi kecemasan berbicara di depan umum. Studi ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kepercayaan diri dengan memperkuat efikasi diri. Studi ini juga mengeksplorasi studi sebelumnya yang mengungkap penggunaan CBT dalam menangani kecemasan publik untuk mengidentifikasi potensinya sebagai bagian dari konseling multikultural untuk mahasiswa internasional di pendidikan tinggi. Mahasiswa internasional memiliki budaya akademik, pembelajaran, dan lingkungan sosial yang berbeda, yang semuanya memengaruhi perkembangan kecemasan tertentu dalam menghadapi tekanan untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan baru. Oleh karena itu, penelitian tentang CBT untuk mengurangi kecemasan berbicara di depan umum bagi mahasiswa internasional sangat penting. Studi ini berpendapat bahwa CBT adalah teknik yang berguna untuk membongkar ketakutan irasional berbicara di depan umum dan mempromosikan efikasi diri, mengembangkan kepercayaan diri dan mengarahkan kesehatan mental yang baik. Namun, mengingat sifat intervensi yang ditargetkan adalah siswa internasional, kompetensi konseling multikultural tidak diragukan lagi diperlukan dalam terapi.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".