Time-delayed Data Transmission in Heterogeneous Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper studies the data transmission between agents of a multi-agent, deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) system (leaderless and leader-follower) using the deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm. The structure of the MADRL system consists of various clusters of agents. The agents in a cluster have the same architectures. The DQN architecture is used to present the first cluster’s agents structure. The other clusters, including various architectures, are considered as the environment of the first cluster’s deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agent. The goal of each static agent is to transfer data with the maximum average reward. We consider two novel observations in data transmission termed on-time and time-delay. The two proposed observations are considered when the data transmission channel is idle and the data is transmitted on-time or time-delayed. Moreover, by considering the distance between the neighboring agents, we present a novel immediate reward function by appending a distance-based reward to the previously utilized reward. We have rigorously shown which system (on-time or time-delayed) has a superior performance based on the DQN loss and team reward for the entire team of agents. The claims have been proven theoretically, and the simulation confirms theoretical findings.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".