Thermomechanical response of kaolin clay–concrete interface in the context of energy geostructures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The analysis and design of energy geostructures are mainly characterised by the mechanical behaviour of the soil–structure interface in non-isothermal conditions. In this study, direct shear tests are conducted to investigate the shear behaviour of soil and soil–structure interface in the practical temperature range of energy geostructures (i.e., 8–45 °C). The interface in this study is formed of kaolin in contact with concrete specimens with different roughness. Tests are performed on normally consolidated and overconsolidated interfaces following the unloading/reloading paths to better understand the impact of thermal strain on the interface behaviour. The volumetric response of the interface is observed to be highly influenced by the thermal strains experienced during heating/cooling. The soil stress level and the most recent soil stress history are identified as the primary determinants of thermally induced changes in interface shear strength. For normally consolidated interfaces, the temperature increase led to higher adhesion and slightly lower friction angle, whereas higher adhesion and identical friction angles were found for tests conducted on cooled specimens. Temperature does not seem to affect the shear strength of overconsolidated interfaces. Finally, a conceptual understanding of the temperature effect on interface shear behaviour is provided by analysing data from the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".