BFS 10: a nascent bipolar H <scp>ii</scp> region in a filamentary molecular cloud
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present a study of the compact blister H ii region BFS 10 and its highly filamentary molecular cloud. We utilize 12CO observations from the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory to determine the distance, size, mass, and velocity structure of the molecular cloud. Infrared observations obtained from the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey and the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera, as well as radio continuum observations from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey, are used to extract information about the central H ii region. This includes properties such as the ionizing photon rate and infrared luminosity, as well as identifying a rich embedded star cluster associated with the central O9 V star. Time-scales regarding the expansion rate of the H ii region and lifetime of the ionizing star reveal a high likelihood that BFS 10 will develop into a bipolar H ii region. Although the region is expected to become bipolar, we conclude from the cloud’s velocity structure that there is no evidence to support the idea that star formation at the location of BFS 10 was triggered by two colliding clouds. A search for embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) within the molecular cloud was performed. Two distinct regions of YSOs were identified: one region associated with the rich embedded cluster and another sparse group associated with an intermediate-mass YSO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".