Controlling the polarization and phase of high-order harmonics with aplasmonic metasurface
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces, or metasurfaces, allow exquisite control of linear and nonlinear optical processes by reshaping the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electric and magnetic fields near wavelength-scale heterogeneities. Recently, metasurfaces have broken new ground in high-field attosecond science where they have been utilized to amplify the emission of high-order harmonics of femtosecond infrared laser pulses, a notoriously inefficient process, by enhancing the incident field, and to shape the emitted high harmonics in space. Here we show control of the polarization and phase of high harmonics with a plasmonic metasurface. We design and fabricate perpendicularly aligned rectangular gold antennas on a silicon crystal that generate circularly polarized deep-ultraviolet high harmonics, from a circularly polarized infrared driver, providing a simple path for achieving circular emission from patterned crystals. Our metasurface enhances the circularly polarized harmonics up to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>43</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> times when compared to the unpatterned surface, where harmonics are quenched. Looking forward, circularly polarized high harmonics will be useful tools for sensing chiral laser–matter interactions and magnetic materials. Our approach paves the way for polarization control at even shorter, extreme ultraviolet, wavelengths.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it