Enabling High-Goodput Backscatter Communication with Commodity BLE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, backscatter technology has attracted much interest in wireless communication due to its novel low-cost and battery-free design. Since Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) was born to be low energy consumption, great efforts have been made in BLE-based backscatter systems, like FreeRider, RBLE. In this paper, we present BonusBlue, a BLE backscatter system that enables high-goodput communication with commercial BLE devices. BonusBlue tag generates BLE packets by modulating data on excitation signals and set up a data connection with BLE receiver using a state machine, thus achieving a high-goodput communication link. We present this state machine design and build a prototype of our tag using an FPGA, and evaluate its performance with BLE devices. Our evaluation shows that the backscatter tag can build a robust data connection link with commodity BLE device in the guidance of our state machine and transmit tag data on this link. Experimental results show that our backscatter system can achieve a goodput of up to 16.9 kbps.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".