ERT and crosswell EM imaging of CO2: Examples from a shallow injection experiment at the Carbon Management Canada CaMI FRS in Southeast Alberta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) geophysical techniques offer the possibility of monitoring subsurface CO2 in saline reservoirs due to the fact that CO2 has high electrical resistivity compared to the surrounding geologic materials. In this paper we first discuss the underlying physics of two different borehole-based EM monitoring techniques; electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and crosswell EM. This discussion is followed by the description of an experiment at the Carbon Management Canada CaMI FRS test site where time-lapse single well ERT and crosswell EM data have been acquired to image CO2 injection into a shallow aquifer. Resistivity imaging results from inversion of the two data types separately and jointly will be compared and contrasted, and interpretation of the extent of the injected CO2 provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".