The effect of COVID-19 on orthopedic elective/emergency procedures in a tertiary hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in late December 2019 created a worldwide emergency. It affected most surgical subspecialties in many ways. Therefore, we aimed to quantitate the early effect of COVID-19 on elective and emergency orthopedic surgeries. Moreover, to identify the most affected orthopedic subspecialties during this crisis. Materials and methods: Our study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. We included all patients who underwent orthopedic procedures from January 1, 2020 - June 30, 2020, with the same period of 2019 for comparison. Emergency procedures were considered if a patient had an acute fracture, joint dislocation, compartment syndrome, infection, and infected non-union. Results: The impact of procedure cancellation in the early COVID-19 phase was significant. Our department procedures decreased in the 2nd quarter of 2020 by 75.6% from the previous quarter of the same year and 61.1% from the 2nd quarter of 2019. No admission restrictions were made for oncology and trauma patients, though they had a reduction in their cases. The most affected subspecialties in our study were sports medicine, upper limb, arthroplasty, and pediatrics. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 crisis, elective surgeries were held in our hospital and most of Saudi Arabia. Our cohort showed a significant decrease during this period. All subspecialties were affected by elective procedure cancellation, but some were affected more because of the elective nature of their operations, such as sports and upper limb, pediatric, and arthroplasty.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".