Enhanced spin–orbit coupling in an epsilon-near-zero material
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Light can carry both spin and orbital angular momentum. While it is known that a nonparaxial circularly polarized beam couples the spin angular momentum to orbital angular momentum, this phenomenon does not hold upon collimation of the field. With the rising interest in epsilon-near-zero photonics, integral ingredients to this field are the beam-shaping capabilities of such a regime. In this work, it is experimentally shown that a permanent conversion of spin-to-orbital angular momentum arises naturally from an incident circularly polarized field on an isotropic interface due to the asymmetry in the Fresnel coefficients. More significantly, the conversion efficiency can be substantially enhanced in the presence of an epsilon-near-zero film due to the unique Fresnel properties exhibited in such a regime. It is further shown that the conversion efficiency scales with the nonparaxiality of the incident field. Our study showcases the intriguing phenomena resulting from the combination of concepts as old as Fresnel coefficients and modern materials such as epsilon-near-zero films.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it