Improvement of Multiclass Classification of Pavement Objects Using Intensity and Range Images
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Automated recognition of road surface objects is vital for efficient and reliable road condition assessment. Despite recent advances in developing computer vision algorithms, it is still challenging to analyze road images due to the low contrast, background noises, object diversity, and variety of lighting conditions. Motivated by the need for an improved pavement objects classification, we present Dual Attention Convolutional Neural Network (DACNN) to improve the performance of multiclass classification using intensity and range images collected with 3D laser imaging devices. DACNN fuses heterogeneous information in intensity and range images to enhance distinguishing foreground from background, as well as to improve object classification in noisy images under various illumination conditions. DACNN also leverages multiscale input images by capturing contextual information for object classification with different sizes and shapes. DACNN contains an attention mechanism that (i) considers semantic interdependencies in spatial and channel dimensions and (ii) adaptively fuses scale-specific and mode-specific features so that each feature has its own level of contribution to the final decision. As a practical engineering project, dataset are collected from road surfaces using 3D laser imaging. DACNN is compared with four deep classifiers that are widely used in transportation applications. Experiments show that DACNN consistently outperforms the baselines by 22–35% on average in terms of the F-score. A comprehensive discussion is also presented regarding computational costs and how robustly the investigated classifiers perform on each road object.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".