Characteristics of children with autism and unspecified intellectual developmental disorder (intellectual disability) presenting with severe self-injurious behaviours
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to delineate the characteristics of severe self-injurious behaviors (SIB) in a cohort of children with autism and unspecified intellectual developmental disorder (UIDD) (intellectual disability) and examine potential risk factors for developing SIB.Methods: A retrospective chart review studied characteristics of severe SIB in 30 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and UIDD referred to a tertiary care center. Characteristics examined include genetic syndromes, brain MRI abnormalities, verbal ability, adaptive functioning, SIB frequency and severity, age of onset, number of psychopharmacological agents, irritability, hyperactivity, stereotypy, psychiatric and physical comorbidities, among others. Descriptive and bivariate analysis were applied to explore potential relationships between factors.Results: Children with severe SIB exhibit this behaviour with high frequency, inflicting moderate to severe injury. Most children in the study sample are non-verbal and have ASD (93.3%; n = 28) with psychiatric (96.7%; n = 29) and physical (90%; n = 27) comorbidities. Overall SIB improvement using the Clinical Global Impression, Improvement Score (CGI-I) was 3.0 (minimally improved). A minority were much or very much improved following appropriate intervention.Conclusions: The severity of SIB is much higher in this sample than previously noted in the literature. Severe SIB is associated with ADHD, early onset mood disorders, tics, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".