The Ratio of Perpendicular and Parallel Diffusion Coefficients of Low-energy Particles in Turbulent Space Plasmas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Recently an improved nonlinear theory for the transport of energetic particles across a mean magnetic field has been developed. The latter theory is called the field line–particle decorrelation theory and is the first analytical theory that agrees with test-particle simulations without the need of a correction parameter, nor does the theory contain any other free parameter. In the current paper we derive analytical forms for the ratio of perpendicular and parallel spatial diffusion coefficients κ ⊥ / κ ∥ of low-energy particles. In the considered limit the latter ratio is constant meaning that it does not depend on particle energy or rigidity. It is shown that the ratio always has the form <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>κ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊥</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>κ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">∥</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>δ</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> if a two-dimensional turbulence model is employed. Furthermore, the parameter a 2 depends only on the shape of the turbulence spectrum but not on the magnetic fields. The obtained results can be important for a variety of applications such as studies of solar modulation and diffusive shock acceleration.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".