Support Vector-Based Unsupervised Learning Approaches for Radio Frequency Interference Detection
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presence of unwanted signals in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, called RF interference (RFI), is a major drawback in wireless communication systems. The detection of REI has been dealt mainly with signal processing and supervising machine learning approaches. In this paper, we investigate two unsupervised machine learning alternatives for REI detection, the one-class support vector machine (SVM) and the support vector data description (SVDD) algorithm, which delimit the class boundaries of normal signals in high-dimensional space, and view REI contaminated signal as novelty, i.e., outsiders from unknown classes. Similar to the popular binary SVM classifier, these two algorithms can learn from a relatively small training set, and they use unsupervised training to learn from typically unbalanced RFI data sets without need for data augmentation techniques as in supervised training. The experimental results for detecting three types of RFI, using scaling features to a range as a standardization method, show that SVDD has a low computational complexity and an accuracy of 90.74 % versus 91.67 % for the One-class SVM.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it