Low-grade glass fibre-reinforced polymer-confined circular RC columns under simulated seismic loads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) with low tensile strength (hereafter referred to as low-grade GFRP) is a cost-effective alternative to other types of GFRPs with higher tensile strength. This paper investigates the prospect of retrofitting deficient and repairing damaged circular concrete columns with low-grade GFRP jackets. Two identical one-third scale models of a seismically deficient prototype bridge pier were constructed and tested under constant axial compression and quasi-static reversed cyclic loading. The first column was tested twice, first under “as-built” condition and second under repaired conditions. The second column was retrofitted prior to testing. The repaired and retrofitted columns were characterized with enhanced flexural, ductility, and energy dissipation capacities when compared to the deficient column, and were stable up to the maximum applied drift. Provisions of the Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures were found to yield conservative estimates of the required thickness of the low-grade GFRP jacket.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".