Semi-Active Control of Building Frames subjected to Earthquakes using Smart Tendons composed of Shape Memory Alloys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a concept for semi-active control of earthquake induced vibrations in building frames based on smart stressing of building frame using shape memory alloys. Smart tendons or cables composed of (Ni-Ti) shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are proposed to be installed externally with building frame elements. In principle, the smart tendons or cables can be designed such that the SMA wires are elongated beyond their plastic limit under the action of earthquake loads on the frame. Upon regulated electrical heating, the Ni-Ti SMA wires will undergo a martensite to austenite phase transformation resulting in large shrinkage strains. The strain energy thus induced can be used to generate a significantly effective control forces in the building frame. The present study proposes the implementation of smart tendons constituted with Ni-Ti SMA wires appropriately connected to building frame members which can be electrically actuated to induced desired variable control forces in building frame. The proof of concept proposed in the present study is theoretically illustrated by numerical simulations of proposed semi-active control scheme in an idealized eight story building frame model
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".