Influence of Blend Ratio on Compressive Strength of Soda Ash Activated Fly Ash and Copper Slag Pastes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, alkaline activated binder pastes were produced from high calcium fly ash and copper slag in different combinations. The blends were activated with soda ash (sodium carbonate) as the alkaline activator to effectively optimize each materials component in the development of the binder. The as-received samples and the hardened fly ash-copper slag paste were characterized using X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence for chemical phase and elemental composition. The mechanical properties were determined by compressive strength test on the hardened cubes produced from resulting pastes at 3, 7, 28 days kept under varying curing conditions. The results show the effects of blend ratio, variation in individual material composition, and curing conditions at different activator dosages on compressive strength of the fly ash-Copper slag activated pastes. From the compressive strength tests result, the optimum composition for fly ash and copper slag was 60% and 40% respectively. Increase in soda ash dosage and curing temperature also increased material strength.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".