Infection of Dice Snake (Reptilia, Colubridae) with Larvae of Eustrongylides excisus (Nematoda, Dioctophymatidae) in the Middle and Lower Dnipro River Basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dice snakes can be a paratenic host for a stage IV of Eustrongylides excisus, Jägerskiöld, 1909 larva due to specific diet of the snakes. The infection rate of E. excisus in Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) was studied in the basin of the middle and the lower Dnipro River in 2013–2017. We searched for nematodes in snakes from four sites: Prydniprovska Thermal Power Station, Majorova Balka, Zaporizhzhia; National Nature Park Velykyi Luh. The snakes from all studied areas had high prevalence of infection (more than 90 %). The lowest level of intensity (2.50 ± 0.60) and abundance (2.27 ± 0.58) were in ecosystems near Prydniprovska ТPP. There was no significant difference between infection parameters in snakes from other groups. Capsules with larva localized in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, muscles, and lung. The most infected organ was the liver, statistical analysis showed significant differences with other organs. The lowest infection was found in the lung. Environmental pollution of the Dnipro River waters with pesticides and other pollutants accompanied by a climate change may influence on the E. excisus life cycle that needs additional studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".