Postcranial description of <i>Wendiceratops pinhornensis</i> and a taphonomic analysis of the oldest monodominant ceratopsid bonebed
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The early centrosaurine ceratopsid, Wendiceratops pinhornensis, was discovered in Alberta, Canada in a medium density monodominant bonebed from the Oldman Formation (mid-Campanian, ~79 Ma). The bonebed contains abundant, well-preserved, adult-sized and some juvenile-sized postcranial material, allowing for the first description of a number of elements of the postcrania of this basal centrosaurine ceratopsid. The postcranial elements described are generally consistent with postcrania described for more derived centrosaurine taxa. However the rectangular-shaped distal terminus of the ischium previously considered to be an apomorphy of Wendiceratops. is shown to also be present in Medusaceratops, and thus may be a synapomorphy of basal centrsaurines. The bonebed represents a lag deposit within a mudstone-bearing overbank facies and contains individuals from multiple age classes. It contains over 95% ceratopsid remains, with all identifiable elements referable to Wendiceratops. The elements are completely disarticulated, but have undergone little weathering or abrasion (both Stage 0), although the ends of long bones and processes capped by cartilage in life frequently exhibit evidence of wet rot and breakage by hydrological reworking after decomposition. The taphonomy of the bonebed is consist with other monodominant centrosaurine bonebeds that have been interpreted as mass death assemblages preserving evidence of gregarious (herding) behavior. At approximately 79 million years old, the Wendiceratops bonebed is approximately two million years older than other ceratopsid bonebeds indicating that this bonebed is the oldest documented evidence of herding behavior in a ceratopsid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".