Treatment of young permanent teeth pulpitis with formocresol pulpotomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Pulpitis arising from large caries in young permanent teeth present special treatment challenges. Conventional endodontic treatment is not possible due to immaturity of the root apices. Studies presenting inexpensive, reliable, interim and long-term treatment options are lacking.Objective: These case reports present long-term outcomes of permanent teeth young children (6-12 years old) presenting with large carious lesions and treated with formocresol pulpotomies (FCP) and stainless steel crowns (SSC) or amalgam (Am) restorations.Methods: Symptomatic first permanent molars with pulpitis and/or carious exposures were treated with full-strength formocresol and received pre-crimped, permanent molar stainless steel crowns cemented with a glass ionomer cement as final restorations. Clinical exams were performed every 6 months and radiographic exams were performed every 6-12 months.Results: The median follow up period was 5 years with a range of 3-7 years. All teeth treated with FCP and SSC/Am remained clinically and radiographically asymptomatic. Pretreatment periapical radiolucencies when present resolved completely. Root development in all cases proceeded normally to completion.Conclusions: Formocresol pulpotomy with SSC is a viable, inexpensive, interim and possibly long-term treatment option for immature permanent teeth in children, with large carious lesions and pulpitis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".