Long-Term Outcome of a Series of Patients With Narcolepsy Type 1 and Comorbidity With Immunopathological and Autoimmune Diseases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of our series of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) patients with comorbid autoimmune diseases (ADs) and other immunopathological diseases (IDs), focusing on the incidence of new ADs and IDs in this sample. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted over 6 years (2014 - 2020) in a series of 158 Caucasians NT1 patients (96 males; mean age: 50.1 ± 19.0 years) from the previous study. All but one case (familial case) were HLA-DQB1*06:02-positive. The diagnosis of narcolepsy was made according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3). Results: Twenty-one patients have been diagnosed with a new ID, 10 of them with an AD (autoimmune thyroid disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, transverse myelitis, granuloma annulare, primary biliary cirrhosis, alopecia areata and antiphospholipid syndrome), and 11 with other IDs (allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, contact dermatitis and drug allergy). One patient was diagnosed with two new ADs. We found IDs in 46 patients (24 females and 22 males) and the overall prevalence in this series is actually 29.11%; 22 of them (13.92%) had an AD, with a percentage higher than estimated in the general population. Conclusions: The prevalence of AD/ID is high in our series, suggesting that NT1 might arise on a background of generalized susceptibility to immune-mediated processes. The occurrence of an ID can in turn influence the development of others in genetically predisposed individuals, which explains the increased associations observed in this long-term study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".