In situ calibration of the Swarm-Echo magnetometers
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. CASSIOPE/e-POP, now known as Swarm-Echo, was launched in 2013 to study polar plasma outflow, neutral escape, and the effects of auroral currents on radio propagation in the ionosphere. The e-POP suite contains an array of eight instruments, including two fluxgate magnetometers on a shared boom. Until now, the two magnetometers relied on a set of preflight calibrations, which limited the accuracy of the magnetic field product and the magnetometers' utility for some applications. Here we present the results of an in situ calibration performed on data from 3 January 2014 to 30 January 2021 and a case study showing the improvements the calibration has made to the data utility. Periodic vector–vector calibration using the CHAOS magnetic field model results achieves an estimated root-mean-square (rms) uncertainty of 9 nT during nominal operation. This data product is now openly available through the ESA Swarm repository.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it