Towards Joint Loss and Bitrate Adaptation in Realtime Video Streaming
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent years have seen booming development of realtime streaming services, highly improving user experience in remote work, online education, and entertainment. Unlike video-on-demand (VoD) or live services, realtime streaming service has extremely stringent delay requirements, rendering the TCP-based transmission no longer applicable. Existing works based on UDP (or its variants) either suffer from the packet loss problem or only focus on improving several QoS metrics, which cannot achieve satisfactory user QoE. Our insight is to slightly sacrifice the bitrate and video quality to trade for the most significant delay to maximize the overall QoE. We propose Oppugno‡‡Oppugno is a spell in Harry Potter that makes magical creatures attack the caster. It is a metaphor that we use an additional mechanism to mitigate the influence of packet loss., an integrated framework that achieves joint loss adaptation and bitrate adaption towards maximized QoE in realtime streaming services. Oppugno leverages existing UDP mechanisms and employs an advanced deep reinforcement learning algorithm Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), to adaptively select optimal actions based on network conditions. Trace-driven experiments demonstrate the superiority of our framework, which outperforms the SOTA work by 3.9% ∼ 11.6%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".