Nasal Reconstruction in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Two Decade Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) leads to progressive destruction of the nasal tissues resulting varying degrees of saddle deformity and nasal obstruction. Reconstructive techniques are numerous, but there are no large series reporting their results. Objective: This study sought to measure complications and outcomes after rhinoplasty for GPA. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 42 patients with GPA who underwent nasal reconstruction of saddle nose deformity between 2005 and 2019 using primarily costal cartilage and soft tissue grafts. Results: Thirty-six patients met the criteria for inclusion. All were followed for a minimum of 12 months. Six patients required revision surgery due to infection or GPA flare ups. Five patients had complications. All patients were given a questionnaire at 12 months to rate their degree of satisfaction with their appearance and breathing. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the use of strong cartilage grafts and the timing of surgery result in improvement in breathing and appearance after rhinoplasty in patients with GPA. Clinical Trial Registration number: REB # 21-125.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".