Cryogenic Wideband Quadrature Hybrid Couplers Implemented in a Low Temperature Superconductor Multilayer Process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the design, fabrication and testing of two cryogenic 90° hybrid couplers operating at Ka and Ku bands. The hybrid couplers use a CPW based tandem coupled line architecture and are fabricated using a MIT Lincoln Lab multilayer process for superconducting circuits. The first quadrature hybrid demonstrates a wideband coupling performance from 26 GHz to 44 GHz, with measured return loss and isolation better than 24 dB, and insertion loss less than 0.5 dB. The second tandem coupler offers an excellent coupling performance from 8 GHz to 18 GHz. The on-chip device dimensions for the two hybrid couplers are 0.92 mm × 0.16mm and 2.43 mm × 0.16mm, respectively. For further miniaturization, an alternative compact hybrid coupler design for operation at Ku band is proposed having a footprint of only 0.41 mm × 0.35mm, a 64% reduction in device area when compared to the first Ku band design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".