Dual-Input Digital Predistortion of Millimeter-Wave RF Beamforming Arrays Driven by Two Non-Contiguous Intra-band Signals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a dual-input single-output (DISO) digital predistortion (DPD) scheme to mitigate the nonlinearity in millimeter-wave RF beamforming arrays when driven by two non-contiguous intra-band signals. Starting from a pass-band Volterra series expression, the paper derives a complex baseband DISO DPD model to linearize the behaviour of RF beamforming arrays under such multi-carrier signal excitation. The proposed DPD scheme is then validated in measurements on a 64-element array driven by two 200 MHz orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signals centered at 27.5 GHz and 28.5 GHz, and configured to radiate two simultaneous beams to serve two users located at θ = −20° and θ =18.5°, respectively. Measurements show excellent linearization results allowing for an increase in effective isotropic radiated power by more than 4 dB compared to no DPD while maintaining an error vector magnitude lower than 2% and an adjacent channel power ratio higher than 41 dBc in both frequency channels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".