Microstructural Formation of Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Titanium alloys are extremely reactive in the molten state, therefore near-net shape and complex shape components cannot be produced by many techniques used for steel, aluminum and other less reactive metals. The vacuum plasma spray (VPS) process is a well-known method for coating and forming reactive metals and alloys such as titanium alloys. In this study the internal microstructure of individual splats, porosity, and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V deposited by vacuum plasma spray forming (VPSF) were studied using SEM, XRD, mercury porosimetry, image analysis and mechanical testing. Results described in a companion paper show that while tensile and yield strength rise with increasing initial powders size, elongation still remains as low as 1%. The as-sprayed structure consists of α’ martensite with a small amount of residual β between the martensite colonies as well as pores between the splats. The fracture surface within the splats is indicative of ductile failure. The low cohesion between the splats results in damage accumulation at the boundaries and failure at small elongations. Post deposition heat treatments were conducted to improve the coating structure and were successful in improving the ductility to levels approaching that of traditionally processed material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".