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Record W4294792472 · doi:10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.449

CORE CONCEPT OF GLACIERS AND MELTING GLACIERS EFFECTING THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT

2022· article· en· W4294792472 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Khalil Ahmed, Ayaz Akhter

Bibliographic record

VenuePakistan Journal of Social Research · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicCryospheric studies and observations
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGlacierGeologyGlacier morphologySurgeIce sheetCirque glacierGlacial periodPhysical geographyLandformCryosphereGeomorphologyAccumulation zoneGlacial landformSnowRock glacierIce streamMoraineClimatologySea iceGeography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Glaciers and ice sheets are found almost in every continent of the world for more than thirty million years and are the large persistent body of perennial accumulation of dense crystalline snow and ice that exist intermittently over a period of time in Polar Regions and in the mountain ranges of landforms. Glaciers are constantly moving and melting because of internal and external pressure and gravity under its own weight. Although extensive glaciers systems lies on different mountain ranges of the landforms in the world i.e. more than seven thousand glaciers lies in Africa, Andes, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Eurasia, European Alps, New Zeeland, Nepal, Norway, Pakistan, South America and in North America Continent. In the mountain landforms, Pakistan has more glacial ice in the Himalayan Range, Karakorum Range and Koh-Hindu-Kush Range. Glaciers also exist in southern hemisphere in Antarctic Region, in Northern Hemisphere in Arctic Region, Greenland and remaining occurs in the landforms of mountain regions. Glaciers exhibit the different wave like motions that mostly occur internally thus resulting the glacier surge, and waves of velocity. When the glaciers and ice sheet gains a large eroded material through the accumulation of snow above the equilibrium line, the glacier mass is lost through the ablation process and melting water runoff towards the down slope at lowest elevations below the equilibrium line that results the formation of accumulation area, alluvial fan stratification, alluvial plans, arête, askers, braided streams, cirques, crevasses, drumlins, fjords, fracture zones, glacial valleys, ice aprons, and ice bergs. Glaciers are among the oldest and coldest ecosystems on earth that together support the psychrophilic taxa and also impart a requisite water source to shape the downstream ecosystems. But due to global warming and rapid rise in the tropical climate change, melting of tropical glaciers, the fast ablation has contributed the shrinking of global glaciers thus causing the major biological, environmental and human consequences. Subsequently, mountain erosion results the transportation of debris, silt up, floods, and land sliding, raised the global environmental issues. The study includes the core concept of glaciers and melting glaciers effecting the global environments. Keywords: Askers, Craves, Drum line, Fjord, foliations, Gouge, Ice bergs.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.025

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.006
Scholarly communication0.0040.006
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0080.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.096
GPT teacher head0.365
Teacher spread0.269 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2022
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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