Associations Between Biological, Biomechanical, Performance And Perceptual Indices Following Aerobic-based Exercise Muscle Damaging Protocol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationship between changes in the various biochemical, performance, biomechanical, and perceptual markers throughout the recovery period from an aerobic-based protocol causing exercise-induced muscle damage remains unclear. Objective: To explore the relationship between changes in biochemical, performance, perceptual and biomechanical indices immediately post and up to 48 h following an aerobic-based muscle damaging exercise. Methods: Recreationally active men (n = 28; 35 ± 10 y; 75.9 ± 11.2 kg; 474 ± 204 min/week of endurance training) completed 60-min downhill run (DHR) on a treadmill at -10% incline and at 60% of maximal heart rate. Blood markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inflammation (interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-a), perception of muscle soreness using 1-15 visual analog scale (VAS), maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensors, counter-movement jump (CMJ), running biomechanics [stride-length and cadence] were recorded at baseline, immediately-post, 30 min, 120 min, 24 h, and 48 h post DHR protocol. Correlations between markers, as percentage change relative to baseline, were evaluated using Pearson’s r. Results: First, elevated levels of CK at 24 h (∆335%) and 48 h (∆175%) post the DHR protocol were statistically correlated (p < 0.05) with the following at 24 h and 48 h: increases in VAS (r = 0.44 and 0.45, respectively), decreases in stride-length (r = -0.57 to -0.43, respectively), and increases in cadence (r = 0.55 to 0.45, respectively). Second, elevated levels of IL-6 at 48 h post the DHR (∆16%) were statistically correlated with reductions (∆ -14 to -24%) in MVC at all-time points (r = -0.62 to -0.74). Third, lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-a at 48H (∆25%) were statistically correlated with reductions in CMJ at 30 min to 48 h (∆ -11 to -6%; r = -0.45 to -0.57). Conclusion: Biochemical perturbations are moderately to strongly correlated with heightened perception of muscle soreness, alternation in running biomechanics, and reductions in force production and jump height. Accordingly, these subjective, biomechanical and performance outcomes can be carefully used to assess the severity of muscle damage when invasive biochemical measures are unavailable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".