Ultraviolet Light‐Modulated Defects on BiOBr to Improve the Photocatalytic Fixation of Nitrogen to Ammonia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Defect engineering has been considered as a feasible approach to improve the photocatalytic activity in nitrogen fixation. However, as the main determinants of photocatalytic properties, the type of vacancy and controllable preparation methods remain elusive. Herein, a controllable method for defect fabrication on BiOBr is achieved by ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. With extending the UV light illumination time, the type of defects is switched from oxygen vacancies to triple‐vacancy associates (V Bi ‴V O •• V Bi ‴). Notably, V Bi ‴V O •• V Bi ‴ is much more stable compared with oxygen vacancies on the surfaces of BiOBr, resulting in higher photocatalytic activity in nitrogen fixation. The reaction mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of N 2 to ammonia in different defects‐modified BiOBr is also proposed along with the testing results. Herein, a controllable method to fabricate vacancies on BiOBr induced by UV light is provided, and the reaction pathways of photocatalytic fixation of N 2 on different defects‐modified BiOBr are demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".