Restructuring and Reshaping of CsPbX<sub>3</sub> Perovskites by Lithium Salts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Metal halide perovskites have exceptional potential for future generations of light‐emitting diodes and solar cells. Compared to widely used solution‐based syntheses, vapor‐phase deposition (VPD) offers a fabrication route that can be more easily scaled up for commercial production. Cesium lead halides (CsPbX3) have shown great color purity, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and better stability than other perovskites. To improve the optoelectronic properties, lithium salts are often used as passivation agents to reduce nonradiative defects. Here, it is reported that VPD CsPbX3 thin films can be dramatically reshaped by a lithium bromide adlayer, a salt that is successfully used to drastically increase the luminescent yield of CsPbBr3. It is found that continuous CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3 films restructure themselves into islands whereas CsPbI3 films transform into mixed triangular and rod‐shaped crystals. Based on density functional theory (DFT) studies, it is established that a surface energy change by LiBr adlayer is not the main driver for the perovskite film transformation. Instead, DFT simulations indicate that the LiBr adlayer creates a polar surface forming a strong Van der Waals force attracting water molecules.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".