Apelin Stimulation of the Perivascular MuSC Niche Enhances Endogenous Repair in Muscular Dystrophy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Impaired skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC) function has long been suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy (MD). Here we describe that defects in the endothelial cell (EC) compartment of the perivascular stem cell niche in three different types of MD are associated with inefficient mobilization of MuSCs following tissue damage. Using chemoinformatic analysis, we identified the 13 amino acid form of the peptidic hormone apelin (AP-13) as a candidate for systemic stimulation of skeletal muscle ECs. In dystrophic mice, administration of AP-13 generates a pro-myogenic EC-rich niche that supports MuSC function and markedly improves tissue regeneration, muscle strength, and physical performance. Moreover, we demonstrate that EC specific knockout of the AP-13 receptor leads to regenerative defects that phenocopy major pathological features of MD. Altogether, we provide in vivo proof-of-concept that enhancing endogenous repair by targeting the perivascular niche is a viable therapeutic avenue for MD and characterize AP-13 as a novel drug candidate for systemic treatment of stem cell dysfunction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".