Thermal-hydraulic performance of constructal Y-shaped and X-shaped tube heat sinks in laminar flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability and efficiency to dissipate heat is strongly dependent on the design of heat exchanger. Bifurcating systems are the solutions to fundamental access-maximisation problems. The performance of a forced-air heat sink with single Y-shaped, double Y-shaped and X-shaped configurations of tubes is investigated in this work. A 3-D numerical study is performed at Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 5 to 1,500, under a constant heat source. The study mainly focuses effect of the design of tube configurations on both the thermal and hydraulic performances. Among these configurations the optimal thermo-hydraulic performance against Re is determined. The deposition of particles from flowing air on wall of tubes may be detrimental for both thermal and hydraulic performances. The effect of particle size and Re number on deposition rates is also investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".